Occupation science is a field of study which is closely aligned to occupational therapy - in fact it emerged from occupational therapy. It is concerned with understanding humans as occupational beings and the relationship between occupation and health.
In the first paper on the topic it was proposed that:
"Occupational science is the study of the human as an occupational being including the need for and capacity to engage in and orchestrate daily occupations in the environment over the lifespan." (Yerxa et al, 1998, p6)
Yerxa, E., Clark, F., Jackson, J., Parham, D., Pierce, D., Stein, C., et al. (1989). An introduction to occupational science, A foundation for occupational therapy in the 21st century. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 6(4), 1-17.